Chapter 9 discusses recent views on adaptation in evolutionary biology. Neo-Darwinism inherits from the three basic points: heredity, diversification, and natural selection (that describes the mechanism that picks the designs that best cope with its environment). This chapter proposes that the theories of evolution themselves evolve from Darwinism to neo-Darwinism and towards to the view of natural drift through the study of cognition as a biological phenomenon. It suggests that the complex traits involved in evolution that takes account of factors such as randomness and highly interwoven network of multiple reciprocal effects is not enough to explain evolution the way it is without taking cognition as a biological phenomenon in consideration. At the individual scale, the Drosophila fruit fly expresses the importance of emergent properties in a complex network of patterns. These factors are referred to as intrinsic factors in evolution. It is even suggested that evolution has occurred independent of selective pressure, due to the effect of sampling error in statistics.
Is evolution survival of the fittest or the result of natural drift?
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