Emergence arose from cybernetics in the 1950s. It wasn't until 1970s when it came back into focus. This theory focuses on a system of simple units working together to give rise to a more complex global behavior. These units work almost simultaneously (connectionism) unlike cognitivism which focuses on a sequence of operations on symbols. Connectionism is much more favorable than cognitivism which seemed to deviate from the biological. Based on this knowledge, the chapter takes up this theory in favor of the cognitivist's point of view.
Chapter 7 deals with notions of representation in western philosophy; moreover the need to find an absolute ground or pre-given world, and the results are often that there is no absolute on which to base ourselves on. The solution the author proposes is to find a middle-ground through the Madhyamika school of Buddhism.
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